ReviewCureus2026
Thyroid-Liver Axis: Mechanistic Insights and Clinical Implications.
Review in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Role of the Gut-Liver-Kidney Axis in Disease Manifestation and Biomarker Alterations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The thyroid gland and liver share a complex bidirectional relationship that is fundamental to metabolic regulation and hormonal homeostasis. Thyroid hormones (THs) regulate hepatic lipid handling, glucose metabolism, mitochondrial function, and energy balance, while the liver governs TH transport, activation, metabolism, and clearance. Increasing evidence links thyroid dysfunction with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), fibrosis progression, and adverse metabolic outcomes. This narrative review provides an updated synthesis of the mechanistic, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of thyroid-liver interactions and their implications for clinical practice. A comprehensive review of mechanistic, clinical, translational, and therapeutic studies examining thyroid dysfunction, liver disease, thyroid hormone sensitivity, and emerging thyroid hormone-based therapies was conducted. Thyroid dysfunction contributes to MASLD, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and hepatic injury, whereas liver disease alters TH metabolism and complicates the interpretation of thyroid function tests, including the occurrence of nonthyroidal illness syndrome. Emerging evidence suggests that reduced intrahepatic TH signaling and altered tissue-level hormone sensitivity play central roles in steatosis and fibrosis progression. Clinically, recognition of these interactions may improve the interpretation of thyroid abnormalities in liver disease and support risk stratification in metabolic liver disorders. The development of liver-targeted thyroid hormone receptor-β agonists, including resmetirom, represents a major therapeutic advance with potential to reshape management strategies for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). However, important controversies remain regarding the diagnostic utility of thyroid hormone sensitivity indices, long-term safety of thyromimetics, and the role of thyroid hormone replacement in liver-directed therapy, highlighting the need for robust prospective studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.