Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42436820›Full record

ArticleContemporary clinical trials communications2026

Reporting of second-generation

Tonya M Esterhuizen, Lawrence Mbuagbaw, Nadia Rehman, Nathan Yanwou, Devron J Swaby, Esme Kittle, Johann-Christoph Licht, Lehana Thabane

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Contemporary clinical trials communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Tonya M EsterhuizenDivision of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa.
Lawrence MbuagbawDivision of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa.
Nadia RehmanDepartment of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.
Nathan YanwouPublic Health and Preventive Medicine Residency Program, Mc Gill University, 2001 McGill College Ave, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1Y7, Canada.
Devron J SwabySchool of Interdisciplinary Science, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.
Esme KittleSchool of Medicine, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Co. Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland.
Johann-Christoph LichtSchool of Medicine, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Co. Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland.
Lehana ThabaneDivision of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 19063, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Frequentist methods of statistical inference in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) may inadequately reflect clinical importance of results. We assessed whether three complementary approaches validly assess clinical importance and their impact on original conclusions. Methods: In a sample of published superiority RCTs of health interventions, second-generation Results: In the sample of 269 trials, second-generation Discussion: Analysis plans and results interpretations should include quantitative assessments of clinical importance using second-generation

Indexed as

Bayes factorClinical importanceFragility indexp-valuesRandomized controlled trialSecond-generation p-valueStatistical significance

Identifiers

PMID42436820
PMCPMC13355546

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.