ArticleEuropean urology open science2026
Substaging and Stratified Treatment of T1 Bladder Cancer - a Nationwide Register-Based Study.
Article in European urology open science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Background and objective: Substaging of T1 bladder cancer (BC) was implemented in Denmark in 2010 based on depth of lamina propria invasion-pT1a (superficial) and pT1b (deep)-with bladder-sparing therapy recommended for pT1a and early cystectomy for pT1b. This study evaluated outcomes of this substage-guided approach in a nationwide cohort. Methods: In this nationwide register-based study (2012-2018), all patients diagnosed with T1 BC were identified from the Danish Bladder Cancer Database. Patients were stratified by substage (pT1a, pT1b, unspecified pT1). Overall survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis; intravesical recurrence and progression were analysed using the Aalen-Johansen estimator, treating death as a competing risk; hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox models adjusted for sex, age, and comorbidities. Key findings and limitations: Among 3086 patients (pT1a: 1,542; pT1b: 1,195; unspecified pT1: 349), the 5-yr overall survival (OS) was 67% for pT1a, 53% for pT1b, and 53% for unspecified pT1 ( Conclusions and clinical implications: Nationwide T1 substaging was feasible and retained prognostic value. pT1b disease was associated with worse outcomes, and one in five patients with pT1b who underwent cystectomy had muscle-invasive disease. These findings support substage-based management while warranting prospective evaluation accounting for treatment selection.
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