Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42436592›Full record

ArticlePhysiological reports2026

Impact of United States marine corps recruit training on the stress response and menstrual function in female marine recruits.

Lauren M Visconti, Andrea C Givens, Laura J Palombo, Brenda A Niederberger, Emily B Kloss, Daniel W Bennett, Lorraine P Turcotte, Karen R Kelly

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Physiological reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Lauren M ViscontiWarfighter Performance Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, USA.
Andrea C GivensWarfighter Performance Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, USA.
Laura J PalomboWarfighter Performance Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, USA.
Brenda A NiederbergerWarfighter Performance Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, USA.
Emily B KlossWarfighter Performance Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, USA.
Daniel W BennettWarfighter Performance Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, USA.
Lorraine P TurcotteHuman and Evolutionary Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Karen R KellyWarfighter Performance Department, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1510-2985

Funding

DOD | Defense Health Agency (DHA) A2409-021-017-067669
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigated the physiological stress response and menstrual cycle (MC) function in Marine recruits during United States Marine Corps Recruit Training at the Marine Corps Recruit Depot in San Diego, CA. Female recruits (n = 120) completed pre- and post-RT MC surveys. Saliva samples were collected at 6 timepoints (pre-RT, weeks 1, 4, 7, 10, post-RT) and analyzed for stress biomarkers. Urine samples were collected pre-RT, 5 days per week during RT, and post-RT to assess sex hormone metabolites. Linear mixed-effects models assessed time effects (p < 0.05). Pre-RT sAA levels were higher than weeks 4 (p < 0.001), 7 (p < 0.001), and 10 (p = 0.003). Week 1 sAA levels were greater than week 7 (p = 0.049) and post-RT sAA levels were greater than week 4 (p = 0.011), 7 (p < 0.001), and 10 (p = 0.046). Cortisol at weeks 1 (p = 0.004) and 4 (p < 0.001) was greater than week 10. Before RT, 85% reported regular MCs; during RT, 53% reported irregularity. Urine measures indicated 92% experienced MC disruption, 87.5% within the first cycle. Recruits experienced heightened stress early in RT but adapted as training progressed. Most recruits exhibited MC irregularities, with disruption occurring in the first cycle, indicating heightened hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis sensitivity to military training stress.

Indexed as

Menstrual CycleMilitary PersonnelStress, PhysiologicalAdultFemaleHumansHydrocortisoneSalivaUnited StatesYoung AdultHydrocortisonemenstrual cyclemilitaryphysiological stresstraining

Identifiers

PMID42436592
PMCPMC13356274

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.