ArticleBMC oral health2026
Association of carotid artery calcifications detected on panoramic radiographs with systemic diseases in dental implant patients: a cross-sectional study in a Turkish population.
Article in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundCarotid artery calcification (CAC) detected on panoramic radiographs can serve as an early indicator of systemic atherosclerotic disease. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of CAC in digital panoramic radiographs of dental implant patients and to evaluate its association with systemic diseases in a sample of the Turkish population.
methodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study included 254 implant patients who attended follow-up visits between December 2022 and January 2024. Age, gender, number of implants, presence of CAC, and systemic disease status (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease) were analyzed. All panoramic radiographs were assessed by one experienced oral and maxillofacial surgeon in two separate sessions with a 2-week interval to evaluate intra-observer consistency. Cohen's kappa (κ = 0.86) confirmed excellent agreement. Logistic regression was performed to determine associations between systemic variables and CAC.
resultsCAC was detected in 60 of 254 patients (23.6%). Hypertension was the most prevalent systemic condition associated with CAC (46.7% of affected patients). Logistic regression revealed significant associations between CAC and several systemic diseases: hypertension (OR = 48.04), diabetes mellitus (OR = 43.57), cardiovascular disease (OR = 40.92), hyperlipidemia (OR = 33.20), and atherosclerosis (OR = 26.38) (p < 0.05).
conclusionSignificant associations were observed between CAC and systemic diseases; however, the magnitude of these associations should be interpreted with caution. On the other hand, panoramic radiographs in dental clinics can incidentally reveal carotid artery calcifications (CAC), which reflect underlying systemic atherosclerosis. Therefore, dentists play a crucial role in the early prevention of stroke and cardiovascular events by identifying carotid artery calcification and referring patients for medical evaluation.
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