Observational studyBMC cardiovascular disorders2026
Experiences in cardiovascular screening of professional athletes using echocardiography and electrocardiography at Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute in Tanzania- a cross-sectional observational study.
Observational study in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSudden cardiac deaths (SCD) in professional athletes have resulted in a need for cardiovascular screening. There is a general paucity of data regarding screening for SCD risks in African professional athletes, including those in Tanzania.
aimTo determine professional athletes' electrocardiographic and echocardiographic characteristics. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study at Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, involved professional athletes from 2021 to 2023 Data on anthropometrics, physical examination, and family history were entered into a standardized questionnaire. All patients underwent 12-lead electrocardiograph (ECG) and two-dimensional echocardiography. Continuous variables were tested for normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. ECG and echocardiography findings of men and women athletes were compared by using the unpaired Student's t-test for continuous variables. The chi-square test was used to evaluate the differences in proportions for categorical ECG and echocardiographic findings of men and women athletes. The p-value of < 0.05 was statistically significant.
resultsEighty-six professional athletes were included, most of whom were men (62%). There was a statistically significant mean difference in men(M) vs. women(W) in heart rate (53 M vs. 60 W p <.001), PR interval (176 M vs. 164 W p <.043) and left ventricular internal diameter in diastole (46 M vs. 41 W p <.001). The most prevalent normal ECG finding in men athletes was early repolarization, and sinus arrhythmia in women athletes.
conclusionMost of our athletes had normal physiological changes. We recommend a 1-2 years cardiovascular screening for competitive athletes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.