Association Between Plant-Based Dietary Indices and Mediterranean Diet Score With the Odds of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Iranian Women: A Case-Control Study.

Mina Bahrami, Farnush Bakhshimoghaddam, Masoume Gharang, Masoud Veissi, Anahita Mansoori

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Article in Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 authors.

Mina BahramiStudent Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

Farnush BakhshimoghaddamStudent Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5117-2633

Masoume GharangStudent Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

Masoud VeissiNutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

Anahita MansooriNutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a significant pregnancy complication. This study aimed to assess the association between plant-based dietary indices (PDI) and the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) with the odds of GDM in Iranian women.

methodsA case-control study was conducted involving 276 pregnant women (138 with GDM and 138 controls). Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire to calculate MDS, healthy PDI (hPDI), and unhealthy PDI (uPDI). Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine associations.

resultsHigher adherence to MDS (OR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.18-0.73) and hPDI (OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.22-0.79) was associated with lower odds of GDM. Conversely, higher uPDI adherence was associated with increased odds of GDM (OR: 4.98; 95% CI: 2.39-9.34). DISCUSSION: A Mediterranean diet or a healthy plant-based diet may reduce GDM risk, while an unhealthy plant-based diet may increase it, highlighting the importance of diet quality in GDM prevention.

Indexed as

Diabetes, GestationalDiet, MediterraneanDiet, VegetarianAdultCase-Control StudiesDiet, Plant-BasedFemaleHumansIranPregnancygestational diabetes mellitusmaternal nutritionMediterranean diet scoreplant‐based dietary indicespregnancy

Identifiers

PMID42435340

DOI10.1002/edm2.70279

PMCPMC13355866

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