ArticleUrolithiasis2026
In Vitro evaluation of laser-stone interaction.
Article in Urolithiasis, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
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Abstract
Laser lithotripsy is the main surgical treatment for urinary stones, using Holmium: Yttrium-Aluminium-Garnet (Ho: YAG) and Thulium Fiber Laser (TFL) lasers. Despite technological advances, the stone fragmentation determinants remain unclear. A better understanding would optimize laser lithotripsy (LL) outcomes (efficacy and safety). We aimed to investigate, in vitro, laser-stone interactions. TFL and Ho: YAG lasers were tested using 270 μm fibers on hard synthetic stone samples under four experimental conditions (dry, wet, immersed in contact and at 2 mm distance). A single pulse (0.5-1 J) was delivered. Crater dimensions, carbonization, and temperature profiles were assessed using optical microscopy and thermocouples. Crater's maximum radius increased with pulse energy regardless to laser source, pulse mode and experimental condition. Crater's max depth was reported for immersed HSS, LF in contact. A peripheral carbonization halo was systematically reported with TFL, regardless to laser settings. The maximum contact temperature (T
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