ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2026
The Impact of Recorded Music on Postoperative Delirium in Older Adults After Hip Fracture Surgery (IPOD): A Quasi-Experimental Study.
Article in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHip fractures often lead to postoperative delirium in older adults, significantly impacting recovery, hospitalization, and nursing workload. While many delirium cases are preventable, implementation of non-pharmacological strategies remains inconsistent. Music has emerged as a safe, effective, and low-cost complementary strategy to prevent delirium by targeting its underlying mechanisms. However, evidence in hip fracture patients remains limited. This study evaluated whether a nurse-led recorded music intervention could reduce the prevalence and influence the course of postoperative delirium, while ensuring practical feasibility. Secondary outcomes included postoperative pain, opioid use, and length of stay (LOS).
methodsIn this quasi-experimental study, usual care was compared with the addition of a music intervention comprising twice-daily, 30-min sessions of self-selected music over 5 postoperative days. Cognitively adequate patients aged 65 or older were assessed for postoperative delirium using the Delirium Observation Scale (DOS). Differences in postoperative pain, measured by the Numerical Rating Scale, were analyzed both between groups and within the intervention group.
resultsA total of 74 participants were included across control and intervention groups. Statistical power was achieved, and confounders were balanced between groups. Music adherence was 53.13%, with missed sessions approximately equally due to patient refusal and nurse non-administration. DOS scores decreased significantly, especially on postoperative Day 2. Although delirium prevalence was halved in the intervention group, this did not reach statistical significance. No significant differences were found in LOS, opioid use, or postoperative pain between groups, however, a significant decrease in pain was observed within the intervention group.
conclusionsMusic influenced the course of postoperative delirium by reducing its intensity and lowered postoperative pain within the intervention group. Future research should build on these findings by implementing a 30-min, once-daily music intervention during the first 3 postoperative days.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.