ArticleFrontiers in oncology2026
Case Report: Fibrosis appearing as disease progression on PET/CT following R-CHOP in newly diagnosed DLBCL.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a frequently encountered aggressive lymphoma in clinical practice. The immunochemotherapy regimen consisting of rituximab/cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/vincristine/prednisone (R-CHOP) is a standard first-line therapy that results in complete remission in the majority of patients. Here, we summarize the case of a patient with newly diagnosed DLBCL who, after completing a full 6-cycle course of R-CHOP, exhibited increasing uptake in her original retroperitoneal mass on her end-of-therapy and 3-month post-therapy 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans. Evaluation with further imaging studies, tissue biopsies, and minimally invasive measurable residual disease tests ruled out primary refractory lymphoma. The FDG-avidity of the lesion was attributed to the presence of fibrosis, as it resolved on subsequent PET/CT scans without further therapeutic interventions. This case demonstrates how fibrosis may mimic disease progression on PET/CT after a cytotoxic regimen in DLBCL and should be considered in the differential diagnosis for patients with positive PET/CT scans to potentially spare them from receiving next-line therapy.
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