A retrospective study on the outcomes of yttrium-90 radiation segmentectomy with resin microspheres compared to microwave ablation for early primary hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Yttrium-90 (Y-90) radiation segmentectomy (RS) has become an established method for interventional radiologists to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Literature suggests similar tumor response and overall survival (OS) rates between Y-90 RS using glass microspheres and percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) in early-stage HCC, with a potential improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) for Y-90 RS. However, the literature does not address the use of Y-90 RS with resin microspheres when compared to MWA. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of Y-90 RS with resin microspheres Methods: From 2016 to 2024, 60 patients were included in this retrospective study (20 RS and 40 MWA). Wilcoxon rank sum and Pearson's χ Results: In the overall study population, both groups had similar baseline characteristics except for greater tumor diameter in the RS group (P<0.001). The percent of complete tumor response was similar, with 82.50% in MWA Conclusions: The study suggests Y-90 RS with resin achieves similar tumor response, PFS, and OS compared to MWA in the management of AJCC stage 1 solitary tumor HCC lesions ≤4 cm. These findings were demonstrated despite the RS cohort having a larger tumor diameter.