Antagonism of β-klotho signaling by peptide 19 impairs wheel running in male mice and potentiates the cisplatin-induced decrease in wheel running.

Background: Cancer-related fatigue results from competition between the metabolic demands of the tumor and those of skeletal muscles. This competition leads to an energy metabolism deficit, which is worsened by the detrimental effects of cancer therapy on mitochondrial function. Mitokines, such as Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21), produced under these conditions help tissues adjust their metabolism to cope with cellular stress. However, the metabolic changes they trigger can be harmful if these alterations persist and become uncontrolled. Although FGF21 is involved in the metabolic adaptations needed for physical exercise, its potential role in cancer-related fatigue has not yet been studied. FGF21 has low affinity for FGF Receptors (FGFRs) and requires the co-receptor Beta-Klotho (KLB) to act in tissues such as the liver, adipose tissue, and brain. Methods: To determine whether FGF21 is produced in response to cancer and its therapy, FGF21 levels were measured in the plasma using ELISA and in the liver by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in male mice administered a human papilloma virus-related head and neck cancer tumor cell line or treated with the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. To examine the role of FGF21 in cancer-related fatigue, tumor-bearing male mice or cisplatin-treated male mice trained to run on a wheel were given an analog of FGF21 (LY2405319) and a β-klotho antagonist (peptide-19). Behavioral fatigue was assessed by the reduction in voluntary wheel running caused by these interventions. Results: Both tumor growth and cisplatin increased circulating FGF21 levels and liver mRNA expression of FGF21. Chronic administration of LY2405319 at two doses did not affect wheel running in healthy mice. In contrast, administration of peptide 19 worsened behavioral fatigue caused by tumor progression and had a similar negative effect on behavioral fatigue in cisplatin-treated mice. Conclusion: By demonstrating that blocking activation of β-klotho, a co-receptor for FGF21 and other fibroblast growth factors, exacerbates cancer-related fatigue, the present findings underscore the significance of the production of these endocrine signals in enabling mice to maintain physical activity when their energy metabolism is compromised by cisplatin chemotherapy.