ArticleTranslational pediatrics2026
Identification of mechanical ventilation-related risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants.
Article in Translational pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remains a leading cause of preventable childhood blindness. While gestational age (GA) and oxygen therapy are established risk factors, prior research has largely treated oxygen exposure as an aggregate variable, without disaggregating the impact of specific respiratory support modalities. This study investigated whether the mode and duration of respiratory support independently influence ROP risk. Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study of 83 preterm infants (GA <28 weeks) admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Jeonbuk National University Hospital (2014-2024). Modality-specific durations [conventional ventilation, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV), non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV-NAVA), nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP), and high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC)] and time-weighted average (TWA) ventilator settings [fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO Results: ROP was diagnosed in 52 infants (62.7%). In unadjusted analyses, GA [odds ratio (OR) =0.54; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.35-0.80; P<0.001] and NCPAP duration (OR =1.04; 95% CI: 1.01-1.09; P=0.01) were significantly associated with ROP, alongside TWA PEEP on days 7 and 10. After GA adjustment, NCPAP duration remained the sole independently associated variable (OR =1.04; 95% CI: 1.00-1.08; P=0.04). No other modality, TWA parameter (including FiO Conclusions: NCPAP duration is independently associated with ROP in infants born before 28 weeks, with each additional day associated with a 4% increase in risk after adjustment for GA. This association was independent of mean FiO
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