ArticleAnnals of medicine2026
Effects of intraoperative low-dose remimazolam maintenance on emergence agitation and emergence time in patients undergoing oral surgery: protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
Article in Annals of medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionEmergence agitation (EA) is a clinically significant complication during early recovery from general anesthesia. This protocol describes a randomized controlled trial designed to determine whether intraoperative low-dose remimazolam maintenance reduces the incidence of EA without prolonging emergence time in patients undergoing oral surgery. PATIENTS AND
methodsThis multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial will enroll 388 patients scheduled for oral surgery under general anesthesia. Patients will be randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to either the remimazolam group, receiving a low-dose intraoperative infusion of remimazolam, or the control group, receiving an equivalent volume of normal saline. The primary outcome is the incidence of emergence agitation; the key secondary outcome is emergence time. Emergence time will be evaluated within a non-inferiority framework, whereas the incidence of emergence agitation will be tested for superiority. Additional endpoints comprise pain scores, analgesic use, the rate of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), recourse to rescue antiemetics, the occurrence of postoperative sleep disturbance (PSD), time spent in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), postoperative hospital length of stay, overall recovery quality, the frequency of perioperative adverse events, and patient satisfaction. DISCUSSION: This trial will investigate the efficacy and safety of intraoperative low-dose remimazolam maintenance in patients undergoing oral surgery. The findings may provide evidence supporting a practical pharmacological intervention to reduce EA and enhance postoperative recovery.
trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2600116544).
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