Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42432837›Full record

ReviewANZ journal of surgery2026

The Influence of Gender on Publication Outcomes in Postgraduate Surgical Research: A 12-Year Cohort Study.

Chan Ho Kim, Nazim Bhimani, Anthony R Glover, May Thwin, Chaiwei Tong, Cindy Xu, USYDSurgEd Collaborative Group, Meet Patel

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in ANZ journal of surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Chan Ho KimSpeciality of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3063-1017
Nazim BhimaniSpeciality of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3995-4285
Anthony R GloverSpeciality of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0762-0977
May ThwinSpeciality of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9177-4567
Chaiwei TongSpeciality of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2552-3698
Cindy XuSpeciality of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-1813
USYDSurgEd Collaborative GroupSpeciality of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
Meet PatelSpeciality of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1039-902X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHistorically, systemic barriers have limited women's participation in surgical training and academia. Whilst the representation of women among surgical trainees has increased globally, continued examination of gender inequality within surgical academia is necessary to ensure holistic and sustainable diversity. This study explored the association between student and supervisor gender and research outcomes and assessed temporal trends in gender representation within a postgraduate surgery coursework degree.

methodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted among students who completed the Master of Surgery dissertation subject at The University of Sydney between 2010 and 2021. Data included dissertation mark, publication rate, time to publication, citation count, journal impact factor and total publications within 2 years. Outcomes were compared by student and supervisor gender, and student-supervisor dyads, using Mann-Whitney U, chi-squared and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Temporal trends were analysed using regression models.

resultsA total of 424 students were included (305 men, 119 women). Dissertation mark and short-term research outcomes did not differ by student gender with both having a median of one publication. Students supervised by men had higher dissertation publication rates (56% vs. 30%, p < 0.001) and more publications within 2 years (median 1 vs. 0, p = 0.009) than those supervised by women. Woman-woman student-supervisor dyads were less likely to publish their dissertation (29%) than man-man (57%) and woman-man dyads (53%) (p = 0.006). While the number of women supervisors increased over time, the number of women students and the proportional representation of women students and supervisors remained unchanged.

conclusionAcademic performance and short-term research outcomes were similar by student gender, suggesting that disparities in surgical training and academia are unlikely to be explained by differences in academic capability or early research productivity. Differences associated with supervisor gender and persistent under-representation highlight ongoing structural influences on academic productivity, and the need for sustained, system-level equity initiatives across the surgical training pipeline.

Indexed as

Biomedical ResearchEducation, Medical, GraduateGeneral SurgeryAcademiaCohort StudiesFemaleHumansMaleRetrospective StudiesSex FactorsSexismacademic performancegender equitypostgraduateresearchsurgery

Identifiers

PMID42432837
PMCPMC13602435

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.