ArticleGeriatrics & gerontology international2026
The Relationship Between Voluntary Rapid Blinking Rate and Future Development of Neurodegenerative Disease.
Article in Geriatrics & gerontology international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Beyond Blink Physiology: Reinterpreting Voluntary Rapid Blinking Rate as a Motor-Cognitive Performance Measure.Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2026Article
- Comment on "The Relationship Between Voluntary Rapid Blinking Rate and Future Development of Neurodegenerative Disease".Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeWe aimed to investigate whether voluntary rapid blinking rate is associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
methodsThe study included 234 patients with no prior history of dementia or Parkinson's disease. The number of voluntary rapid blinks was measured and recorded in all participants. Seven years later, participants were examined for the development of dementia and/or Parkinson's disease during this period.
resultsThe study included 164 women and 70 men, with a mean age of 68.72 ± 5.39 years. After 7 years, 14 patients developed dementia and 4 patients developed Parkinson's disease (one patient developed both of them). Blinking rates of 15 and 30 s were found to be significantly lower in individuals who developed dementia compared to those who did not (respectively; 36.64 ± 9.95 vs. 41.76 ± 8.67, p = 0.035; 66.93 ± 17.06 vs. 76.23 ± 16.25, p = 0.039). Additionally, those who developed neurodegenerative diseases (dementia or Parkinson's disease) were found to have lower blinking rates of 15, 30, and 60 s compared to those who did not develop the disease (respectively; 36.59 ± 10.06 vs. 41.84 ± 8.62, p = 0.018; 66.76 ± 17.51 vs. 76.37 ± 16.16, p = 0.020; 121.29 ± 31.97 vs. 137.43 ± 29.08, p = 0.030). Logistic regression analysis revealed that a voluntary rapid blinking rate of 15 s was inversely related to the future risk of neurodegenerative diseases (OR:0.925 (0.857-0.998), p = 0.044).
conclusionWe believe that voluntary rapid blinking may be a prodromal sign of neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia and Parkinson's disease. Monitoring individuals with low voluntary blinking rates for the development of neurodegenerative diseases could enable early diagnosis.
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