ArticleBMC public health2026
Work conditions and work-life balance among secondary school teachers in Southwest Nigeria.
Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTeachers frequently perform extensive instructional and non-instructional duties that may impair their work-life balance (WLB). In Nigeria, although workload, stress, and job satisfaction among teachers have been described, limited attention has been given to WLB, particularly across rural and urban settings. The aim of the study was to analyze associations between work conditions and WLB among secondary school teachers in Southwest Nigeria.
methodsA quantitative, survey-based, analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 among secondary school teachers selected through multi-stage sampling across three urban and four rural Local Government Areas in Oyo State. Data were collected using a semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire that captured socio-demographic characteristics, work conditions, and WLB, measured across three dimensions: work interference with personal life, personal life interference with work, and work/personal life enhancement. Multilevel linear regression models with random intercepts for school location and school were used to assess associations between occupational characteristics and WLB, adjusting for age, gender, marital status, and school type.
resultsWe recruited 1,174 teachers, 49.2% from rural and 50.8% from urban areas; most were female (61.4%) and employed in public schools (71.3%). A higher proportion of rural teachers were younger, < 40 years (51.2%), worked < 8 h per day (43.2%), and taught ≥ 50 students per class (42.0%) than their urban counterparts (43.6%, 27.7%, 27.0% respectively). However, no important rural-urban differences were observed in WLB. Overall, teachers who taught ≥ 3 subjects (mean difference compared with < 3 subjects= -5.2, 95% CI: -7.3; -3.1), worked ≥ 8 h daily (mean difference compared with < 8 h = -4.5, 95% CI: -6.5; -2.6), or stood ≥ 4 h at work (mean difference compared with < 4 h, = -2.4, 95% CI: -4.1; -0.8) had lower WLB scores. Teaching classes with ≥ 50 students (mean difference compared with < 50 students = + 5.4, 95% CI: +3.3; +7.4) was associated with higher WLB scores.
conclusionsWork-life balance among teachers in Southwest Nigeria was influenced by work conditions. High subject load, long working hours, and prolonged standing negatively impacted WLB. School location (rural vs. urban) was not a significant determinant of WLB. Interventions targeting workload redistribution, ergonomic improvements, and administrative support are essential for enhancing teacher well-being and performance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.