ArticleBMC cancer2026
Immunohistochemical evaluation of molecular subtypes in muscle invasive bladder cancer with demographic correlation.
Article in BMC cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundMuscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is a biologically heterogeneous malignancy with variable clinical outcomes. Molecular subtyping has improved understanding of tumor biology and therapeutic stratification. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis retrospective study included 64 cases of MIBC. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed using GATA3, CK5/6, p53, and FGFR3 to classify tumours into molecular subtypes. HER2 expression was also evaluated and correlated with clinicopathological parameters.
resultsLuminal subtype was predominant (76.6%). CK5/6 positivity was observed in 38.3% of cases. Aberrant p53 expression was noted in 79.8% of tumours. FGFR3 expression was detected in 17% of cases and was significantly associated with luminal subtype. HER2 overexpression was more frequent in luminal tumours. Basal tumours showed better response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, whereas luminal tumours demonstrated higher FGFR3 and HER2 expression. p53-altered tumours showed features of chemoresistance.
conclusionIHC-based molecular classification is a practical surrogate for transcriptomic profiling in MIBC and may assist in prognostication and therapeutic decision-making.
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