ArticleNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2026
The neuroanatomy of depression: weak but replicable effects in 4021 individuals from three clinical cohorts.
Article in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Illness Severity and Longitudinal Gray Matter Volumes Among People With Major Depressive Disorder.JAMA network open · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
28 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The structural neuroanatomy underlying Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) remains elusive and even large-scale neuroimaging studies and meta-analyses produced inconsistent outcomes with marginal effect sizes. Furthermore, the replicability of brain-psychopathology associations is under scrutiny, attributable to inadequately powered sample sizes and inflated effect sizes. The present study aimed to examine the effect sizes, replicability, and generalizability of brain structural alterations in MDD, harnessing the wealth of three large-scale clinical cohorts. We used three independent cohorts totaling n = 4021 deeply characterized participants (aged 15-65 years), encompassing MDD patients (n = 1764), and healthy controls (HC; n = 2257) with individual MRI data. The diagnosis was confirmed by structured clinical interviews. Brain-wide case-control differences in voxel-based morphometry were tested. We conducted pooled analyses to maximize statistical power, and further investigated cross-cohort replicability and generalizability by inspecting 1) correlations between t-maps from each cohort, 2) converging significance across the three cohorts, and 3) by using a cross-validation framework, iterating through cohorts as independent test sets. Pooling all individuals together yielded reduced gray matter volumes in patients with MDD in widespread bilateral clusters, covering the insula, thalamus, orbitofrontal cortex, and a parahippocampal-fusiform-lingual complex. No evidence was found for differences within the hippocampus. The largest effect size was found in the bilateral anterior insula (partial R
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