ArticleScientific reports2026
Transdiagnostic behavioral and sociodemographic influences on the cognitive-adaptive functioning gap in neurodivergent children.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Adaptive functioning typically aligns with cognitive ability in the general population, but this relationship appears more complex in neurodivergent populations. Individuals with autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) frequently show a discrepancy between cognitive ability and adaptive functioning. However, the behavioral and sociodemographic factors associated with this cognitive-adaptive functioning gap remain unclear. Data were collected from the Province of Ontario Neurodevelopmental Disorders Network (POND) and included 902 participants aged 6-21 years (autism = 409, ADHD = 210, OCD = 36, neurotypical = 214, other = 33). Cognitive functioning was assessed using full-scale IQ from the Wechsler tests, and adaptive functioning using the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System-II (General Adaptive Composite). The cognitive-adaptive functioning gap was calculated as the difference between FSIQ and ABAS-II GAC scores. This gap was modeled transdiagnostically with phenotypic (social communication, ADHD and OCD traits, internalizing and externalizing symptoms) and sociodemographic (age, sex, race, household income, caregiver education) features. Three classifiers (i.e. logistic regression, CatBoost, and Explainable Boosting Machine) were trained to distinguish children with above- versus below-median cognitive-adaptive functioning gap scores. Feature importance was assessed for the selected model using SHAP values. Sensitivity analyses repeated the performance analysis and feature-importance assessment using a 15-point FSIQ-ABAS GAC gap threshold and a continuous-outcome model of the numerical FSIQ-ABAS GAC gap. Logistic regression, CatBoost, and Explainable Boosting Machine models showed comparable performance (ROC-AUC = 0.698-0.700). CatBoost was selected for SHAP-based interpretation because it achieved competitive performance and allowed efficient tree-based SHAP estimation. SHAP analysis identified internalizing problems, social communication challenges, and OCD symptoms as the strongest predictors. Behavioral factors contributed more to the gap than sociodemographic variables. Sensitivity analyses using a 15-point gap threshold and a continuous gap outcome retained the same core behavioral contributors: internalizing problems, social communication challenges, and OCD symptoms. Internalizing symptoms and social communication difficulties were most strongly associated with the cognitive-adaptive functioning gap.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.