ArticleNature communications2026
Energy intensity, offshoring and the illusion of decarbonization.
Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Declines in the energy intensity of national gross domestic product cannot be simply taken as evidence of a country's contribution to global decarbonization, notably when they come from structural changes that relocate energy-intensive production abroad. Here we analyze the role of offshoring in shaping energy intensity trends in a panel of 15 countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development between 1970 and 2021. Using both a decomposition analysis and a structural econometric model, we show that shifts in the composition of national output not mirrored by equivalent changes in domestic consumption patterns significantly and persistently reduce national energy intensity. These findings support the need to move beyond production-based climate metrics and to incorporate global supply chains for a more reliable assessment of national decarbonization pathways.
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Registered trials
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