ArticleBMJ open2026
Plasma-activated water as a wound rinse solution in patients with diabetes-related foot ulcers in two Australian hospitals: study protocol for a phase I double-blinded, randomised controlled trial.
Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Plasma-activated water: a dual-action disinfectant and wound-healing therapy for diabetes-related foot infections.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPatients living with diabetes-related foot ulcers (DFU) often have non-healing wounds that, despite ongoing clinical management and wound debridement as standard of care, can proceed to infection and lower limb amputation. Additionally, treatment guidelines do not recommend most topical antibiotics or antiseptic treatments, limiting complements to surgical wound debridement. We present a protocol for a phase I randomised controlled trial testing the safety and efficacy of plasma-activated water as an antiseptic for preventing infection and promoting ulcer healing. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This protocol describes a single-centre, two-armed (1:1 allocation), double-blinded, randomised controlled trial of plasma-activated water (PAW) for the treatment of non-healing DFU. 20 participants will be randomised to the control (standard care with 10-minute treatment with saline-soaked gauze twice weekly for 6 weeks) or intervention group (same but with 10-minute treatment with PAW-soaked gauze instead). Primary outcome is the safety and tolerability of PAW in treating non-healing wounds, while secondary outcome is the effect on promoting wound healing and antimicrobial activity. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The Central Adelaide Local Health Network Human Research Ethics Committee (2025/HRE00207) has approved the study. Results will be presented at international conferences and published in a peer-reviewed clinical journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: This trial was registered in the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (registration number ACTRN12625000902493) on 20 August 2025.
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