Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42430859›Full record

ArticleUltrasonics2026

Hadamard-encoded synthetic beamforming for high frame rate acoustoelectric current source imaging.

YeonJoon Cheong, Jinbum Kang, Nadia Abu Farha, Margaret Miles Allard, Kunal Sharma, Parker Jai-Carver Harris, Russell S Witte, Matthew O'Donnell

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In one paragraph

Article in Ultrasonics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

YeonJoon CheongDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Jinbum KangDepartment of Biomedical Software Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon 14662, the Republic of Korea.
Nadia Abu FarhaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, 1127 E James E Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Margaret Miles AllardCollege of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, 1630 E University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Kunal SharmaCollege of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, 1630 E University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Parker Jai-Carver HarrisDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, 1127 E James E Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Russell S WitteDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, 1127 E James E Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, 1630 E University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Arizona, 1501 N Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
Matthew O'DonnellDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Electronic address: odonnel@uw.edu.

Funding

Short-Term Training to Increase the Diversity Pipeline in Heart/Lung/Blood ResearchR25HL108837 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA · PI WITTE, MARLYS HEARST · 2011 to 2021
$2.4M
4D Transcranial Acoustoelectric Imaging for High Resolution Functional Mapping of Neuronal CurrentsU01EB028662 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA · PI WITTE, RUSSELL S · 2019 to 2019
$428k
NHLBI NIH HHS R25 HL108837NIBIB NIH HHS U01 EB028662
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Acoustoelectric (AE) imaging can potentially image the current source density (CSD) in biological systems using ultrasound with high spatial and temporal resolution. However, existing approaches are limited by poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and low frame rate, as conventional focused-beam scanning requires many scan lines to cover a large field of view (FOV). Here, we present spatial encoding using Hadamard synthetic beamforming (HSB) for ultrafast AE imaging. HSB was implemented using 16 transmit events for each image frame. While this number of transmissions severely restricts the FOV in conventional focused-beam scanning, the same number of HSB transmissions sufficiently samples the aperture, enabling reconstructions limited only by the transducer geometry. We validate this approach using a 1.5D transducer array operating in real time at a center frequency of 0.6 MHz to image the CSD of single and multiple dipole current sources varying at 200 Hz in a bio-mimicking phantom at a frame rate of 500 Hz, demonstrating the potential for ultrafast AE imaging. Measurements demonstrate an expected ∼ 5 dB improvement in SNR compared to conventional focused-beam scanning after pressure equalization. The spatial resolution of HSB was comparable to that of the focused ultrasound beam, with fewer waveform artifacts observed at the same frame rate. Finally, imaging distributed current sources at various depths further demonstrated improved image quality using dynamic beamforming with HSB compared with conventional beam scanning at a fixed focal depth. These results demonstrate that HSB provides a practical and robust solution for ultrafast AE imaging of bioelectric currents.

Indexed as

Image Processing, Computer-AssistedSignal Processing, Computer-AssistedAlgorithmsEquipment DesignPhantoms, ImagingSignal-To-Noise RatioTransducersUltrasonographyAcoustoelectric imagingCurrent source densitySpatial encodingSynthetic aperture imagingUltrasound imaging

Identifiers

PMID42430859
PMCPMC13536617

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.