Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42429915›Full record

ArticleApplied psychophysiology and biofeedback2026

Neural Modification Through the Low-Frequency Band: Effects on Anxiety, Sleep Quality, and Under Pressure Shooting Performance.

Marym Kavyani, Sephora Bakhtafrooz, Alireza Farsi, Saeed Alboghebeish, Horst Schneider

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Article in Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Marym KavyaniDepartment of Cognitive and Behavioral Science and Technology in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Sephora BakhtafroozDepartment of Cognitive and Behavioral Science and Technology in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Alireza FarsiDepartment of Cognitive and Behavioral Science and Technology in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. a_farsi@sbu.ac.ir.
Saeed AlboghebeishDepartment of Cognitive and Behavioral Science and Technology in Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. s_alboghebish@sbu.ac.ir.
Horst SchneiderBEE Medic GmbH, Singen, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study examined the effects of infra-low frequency neurofeedback (ILF-NF) training on sleep quality, anxiety levels, and performance under pressure in semi-skilled pistol shooters. Twenty semi-skilled right-handed pistol shooters aged 20-45 were randomly assigned to two groups of 10, ILF NF, and control. Anxiety levels were assessed using the sport competition anxiety test (SCAT) and sleep quality was measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire. Performance under pressure was evaluated using Shooter's coordination analysis target training. Results demonstrated that ILF NF training may be an effective method for improving sleep quality, reducing anxiety levels, and enhancing performance under pressure for semi-skilled pistol shooters.

Indexed as

Infra-low frequency neuro-feedbackShootingSleep qualitySports performanceStress

Identifiers

PMID42429915

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.