ArticleVeterinary research communications2026
Idebenone reduces oxidative stress and differentially improves chromatin integrity in dog and cat epididymal spermatozoa after slow freezing and vitrification.
Article in Veterinary research communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Idebenone (IDB), a synthetic analogue of coenzyme Q10, has been proposed as a promising antioxidant in sperm cryopreservation because of its potential to reduce oxidative damage. This study investigated the effects of IDB on dog and cat epididymal spermatozoa cryopreserved by slow-freezing (SF) or vitrification (VIT) on kinematics parameters, membrane integrity, oxidative stress, and chromatin integrity. Epididymal sperm samples from twenty dogs (n = 40) and eleven cats (n = 22) were recovered by retrograde flushing and slicing-washing, respectively. Four treatments were established according to cryopreservation method and IDB supplementation (0 [control] or 10 µM): SF-Control, SF + IDB, VIT-Control, and VIT + IDB. Samples subjected to SF were supplemented with 5% glycerol and frozen in static liquid nitrogen (LN₂) vapor, whereas those subjected to VIT were supplemented with 250 mM sucrose and 1% BSA, and directly plunged into LN₂. IDB supplementation did not improve sperm kinematics or membrane integrity in either species (P > 0.05). In dog sperm, both SF + IDB and VIT + IDB showed lower oxidative stress and greater chromatin integrity than SF-Control and VIT-Control, respectively (P < 0.05). In cat sperm, VIT + IDB showed higher post-warming beat-cross frequency than VIT-Control (P < 0.05). In addition, both SF + IDB and VIT + IDB showed lower oxidative stress than their respective controls (P < 0.05). However, improved chromatin integrity in cats was only observed in the SF + IDB treatment compared with SF-Control (P < 0.05). In conclusion, idebenone reduced oxidative stress in dog and cat epididymal spermatozoa, while improved chromatin integrity was observed in dogs after both cryopreservation methods and in cats only after slow freezing.
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