Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42429857›Full record

ArticleJournal of neuro-oncology2026

Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) after resection of brain metastases: results of the multicenter SUBAROMA study.

Laura Mühlhausen, Martin Kocher, Hanah Hadice Karadachi, Ulrich Sure, Yahya Ahmadipour, Levin Häni, Danial Nasiri, Tommaso Araceli, Martin Proescholdt, Nils Ole Schmidt and 10 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neuro-oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Laura MühlhausenCenter for Neurosurgery, Department of General Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Martin KocherCenter for Neurosurgery, Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Hanah Hadice KaradachiDepartment of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
Ulrich SureDepartment of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
Yahya AhmadipourDepartment of Neurosurgery and Spine Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
Levin HäniDepartment of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Danial NasiriDepartment of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Tommaso AraceliDepartment of Neurosurgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany.
Martin ProescholdtDepartment of Neurosurgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany.
Nils Ole SchmidtDepartment of Neurosurgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany.
Andrea CattaneoDepartment of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef- Schneider-Str. 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
Vera NicklDepartment of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef- Schneider-Str. 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
Florian ScheichelKarl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems, 3500, Austria.
Franz MarholdKarl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems, 3500, Austria.
Stefan J GrauCenter for Neurosurgery, Department of General Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Christina A HamischCenter for Neurosurgery, Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Franz L RicklefsDepartment of Neurosurgery, Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Yahya ZghaibehDepartment of Neurosurgery, Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Roland H GoldbrunnerCenter for Neurosurgery, Department of General Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Stephanie T JüngerCenter for Neurosurgery, Department of General Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. stephanie.juenger@uk-koeln.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9744-8204

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo identify risk factors for development of leptomeningeal disease (LMD) in patients with resected brain metastases (BM) based on the multicentric SUBARoMA study-cohort.

methodsThe SUBARoMA study included patients undergoing surgery as initial treatment for BM. LMD was diagnosed based on MR imaging or lumbar puncture. Risk factors were identified from univariate Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox Regression analysis.

resultsWe analyzed 2,673 patients. In total, 148 developed LMD (11.1% of recurrences, 5.5% of all patients, 104 at first recurrence). Median time to LMD after surgery was 5.5 months (range: 0.2-129.3). Risk-factors for development of LMD were primary tumor type (PT) breast cancer and melanoma (p = 0.003), interval between BM and PT diagnosis ≥ 3 months, and incomplete resection (p = 0.002), while postoperative systemic therapy (p < 0.001) represented a protective factor. Incomplete resection (p = 0.003; HR 1.810; 95%CI 1.218-2.690) and postoperative systemic therapy (p = 0.028; HR 0.641; 95%CI 0.431-0.952) remained independent risk/ protective factors in multivariate analysis. Postoperative radiation-therapy and anatomical location did not relate to LMD-frequency. Over the study period, diagnosis of LMD, application of local radiation, targeted and immunotherapies increased while whole brain radiation decreased.

conclusionBreast cancer, melanoma, incomplete resection and BM occurrence ≥ 3months after PT are risk-factors for LMD-development after BM resection, while postoperative systemic therapy represents a protective factor.

Indexed as

Brain NeoplasmsMeningeal NeoplasmsMeningesNeoplasm Recurrence, LocalAdultAgedAged, 80 and overEuropean Alpine RegionFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisRisk FactorsBrain metastasesLeptomeningeal diseaseNeurosurgeryResectionSystemic therapy

Identifiers

PMID42429857
PMCPMC13354617

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.