Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42429477›Full record

ArticleGigaScience2026

KG-Microbe: Building modular and scalable knowledge graphs for microbiome and microbial sciences.

Brook E Santangelo, Harshad Hegde, J Harry Caufield, Justin Reese, Tomas Kliegr, Lawrence E Hunter, Catherine A Lozupone, Christopher J Mungall, Marcin P Joachimiak

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in GigaScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Explainable rule-based prediction of cultivation media for microbes.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Brook E SantangeloDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9266-5813
Harshad HegdeEnvironmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2411-565X
J Harry CaufieldEnvironmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5705-7831
Justin ReeseEnvironmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2170-2250
Tomas KliegrFaculty of Informatics and Statistics, Prague University of Economics and Business, nám. W. Churchilla 1938/4, 130 67 Prague 3, Czech Republic.ORCID 0000-0002-7261-0380
Lawrence E HunterDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1455-3370
Catherine A LozuponeDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4786-7202
Christopher J MungallEnvironmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6601-2165
Marcin P JoachimiakEnvironmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8175-045X

Funding

Computational Bioscience Program Training GrantT15LM009451 · NLM · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI Katherina Kechris-Mays, Arjun Krishnan · 2007 to 2026
$11.7M
High Performance Text Mining for TranslatorOT2TR003422 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI BAUMGARTNER, WILLIAM ANTHONY · 2020 to 2024
$3.0M
Scientific Questions: A New Target for Biomedical NLPR01LM013400 · NLM · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI BAUMGARTNER, WILLIAM ANTHONY · 2020 to 2023
$1.8M
European Cooperation in Science and TechnologyNCATS 37/2026NCATS NIH HHS OT2 TR003422NIH HHS OT2TR003422NIH HHS R01LM013400NIH HHS T15LM009451NLM NIH HHS R01 LM013400NLM NIH HHS T15 LM009451U.S. Department of Energy DE-AC02-05CH11231
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe integration of many disparate forms of data is essential for understanding the microbial world and its interaction with the environment and human health. Doing so is particularly challenging in the context of microbe-host and microbe-microbe interactions that contribute to health or environmental outcomes. There are thousands of relevant microbial species, and millions of interactions among those microbes and with their environment or host. Integrated information (e.g., about host and microbial physiology, genetics, and metabolism) facilitates deeper understanding of complex mechanisms and helps interpret correlative results.

resultsThe KG-Microbe construction framework is a novel approach to harmonizing bacterial and archaeal data in the form of a findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable and AI-ready knowledge graph (KG). Starting from a core KG with organismal traits, environments, and growth preferences and the integration of established ontologies, the framework generates a hierarchy of related KGs targeting specific use cases, including the human microbiome in the context of disease, or environmental microbiomes. The framework supports customizable taxa subsets representing communities or clades of interest. Evaluations of the KG-Microbe KGs through a series of competency questions demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the data harmonization, and the utility of the resulting KGs in studies of inflammatory bowel disease and Parkinson's disease. Finally, the predictive and environmental capabilities of the KGs are demonstrated by predicting growth preferences using graph features.

conclusionsThe KG-Microbe framework unifies microbial contexts in a single resource to support integrative analyses across biomedical, host, and environmental domains. KG-Microbe is a flexible, modular enabling technology for humans and machine learning methods to uncover candidate mechanistic explanations of microbial associations.

Indexed as

Computational BiologyMicrobiotaSoftwareArchaeaBacteriaBiocurationHumansgenome annotationsknowledge graphsmachine learningmicrobiologymicrobiomeontologiesphenotypessemantic path analysis

Identifiers

PMID42429477
PMCPMC13536490

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.