Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42428821›Full record

ReviewEcancermedicalscience2026

Cancer disparities: an extensive review.

Chinaecherem P Okafor, Chekwube K Nwufo, Victor Akachukwu Ibiam

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Ecancermedicalscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Chinaecherem P OkaforDepartment of Biochemistry, City University of New York, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 11031, USA.
Chekwube K NwufoDepartment of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo PMB 1526, Nigeria.
Victor Akachukwu IbiamDepartment of Community Engagement, Divine Purpose Community Services LLC, Baltimore, MD 21209, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cancer disparities are persistently a significant public health burden worldwide and disproportionately impact the underserved populations. To effectively combat cancer disparities, a clear understanding of their causes and patterns is essential. Currently, government data and peer-reviewed research journals display a wide range of data to describe the extent of different cancer disparities. However, there are still gaps in understanding the scope and patterns of these disparities and in adopting practical approaches to eliminate them adequately. Accordingly, we examine essential topics that are crucial to a coherent comprehension of the causes and patterns of major cancer disparities. The complex relationship between the different determinants of health inequalities creates unique patterns of disparities for different cancer forms and populations. Addressing these disparities will require diverse research approaches with rigorous frameworks from multiple disciplines. This review takes an in-depth study into cancer disparity patterns to inform effective intervention strategies for underserved populations. We present a comprehensive analysis of disparities in breast, colorectal, lung, prostate and cervical cancers. We analysed the interplay between genetic, socioeconomic, geographic, behavioural and environmental factors that shape cancer outcomes. Drawing inferences from recent studies on cancer epidemiology and intervention programs, this review highlights how underserved populations are disproportionately affected due to systemic barriers to early diagnosis, effective treatment, screening access and health literacy. Disparity patterns in incidence, mortality and survival rates were comprehensively described using recent studies, while also evaluating community-based interventions and policy efforts intended to address these disparities and mitigate their impacts.

Indexed as

breastcancer disparitiescervicalcolonlungprostaterace

Identifiers

PMID42428821
PMCPMC13346691

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.