ArticleAnnual review of cancer biology2026
Natural and Engineered Cytokines as Cancer Therapeutics.
Article in Annual review of cancer biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Protein engineering: status report.Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cytokines represent a diverse group of soluble proteins that play crucial roles in mediating cellular communication in order to regulate cell fate, particularly in the context of the immune system. Because of their critical roles in controlling cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, activation, and survival, cytokines are heavily implicated in the development and progression, as well as in the prevention and clearance, of cancer. Using both native cytokines and engineered versions thereof, ongoing research in the cancer field endeavors to harness the antitumor activities of cytokines to develop targeted immunotherapies. This review surveys the biology of cytokines and their use in cancer treatment, covering several categories of cytokines, including interleukins, interferons, chemokines, growth factors, and hormones. Preclinical and clinical efforts with natural and engineered cytokines along with efforts to combine these molecules with other anticancer modalities are discussed, highlighting both the triumphs and challenges for these essential proteins in oncology applications.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.