ReviewIranian journal of public health2025
The Association between Dairy Consumption and the Risk of Developing Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Review in Iranian journal of public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and disabling disease that commonly affects young adults. We aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the current literature on the association between dairy consumption, particularly cow milk, and the risk of developing MS. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus for peer-reviewed papers published until 2024. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, and observational designs (case-control, cohort, cross-sectional). Studies were excluded if they did not report sufficient data to calculate effect sizes. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I Results: Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria. The overall pooled odds ratio (OR) for the association between total dairy consumption and MS risk was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93-0.99), indicating a weak but statistically significant inverse association. Subgroup analysis of cohort studies, however, showed no significant association (relative risk [RR] = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.95-1.47, Conclusion: Although pooled results suggest a slight protective effect of overall dairy consumption on MS risk, findings remain inconsistent and inconclusive, especially when considering specific dairy products and study design. Additional longitudinal studies with rigorous methodology are needed to clarify the potential role of dairy in MS pathogenesis.
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