Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42428126›Full record

ArticlemedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2026

Atypical energy-related symptoms define biologically distinct subtypes of major depressive disorder.

Arvid Harder, Rujia Wang, Jacob Bergstedt, Floris Huider, Siim Kurvits, Jackson Thorp, Tong Gong, Elham Assary, Anaïs B Thijssen, Giuseppe Pierpaolo Merola and 27 more

Abstract readPreprint
In one paragraph

Article in medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

37 authors.

Arvid HarderDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-5984-9207
Rujia WangSocial, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2574-990X
Jacob BergstedtUnit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-9279-6936
Floris HuiderBiological Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-7776-7988
Siim KurvitsInstitute of Genomics, Estonian Genome Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Jackson ThorpBrain and Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-9461-6417
Tong GongDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-6887-9432
Elham AssarySocial, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Anaïs B ThijssenPsychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-6782-3608
Giuseppe Pierpaolo MerolaSocial, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9695-0972
Anastasia A GoulaPsychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0009-0008-5387-4138
Sam BentwoodInstitute for Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Research, Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0009-0000-0225-4731
Robert KarlssonDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-8949-2587
Joelle A PasmanDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-7558-0482
Chiara FabbriDepartment of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0276-7865
Ian B HickieBrain and Mind centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-8832-9895
Wouter J PeyrotPsychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-7954-8383
Douglas F LevinsonPsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8223-1301
Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium
James B PotashPsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, USA.
Jianxin ShiDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Biostatistics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, USA.
Sarah E MedlandBrain and Mental Health Program, Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane.ORCID 0000-0003-1382-380X
Brittany L MitchellBrain and Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-9050-1516
Alex S F KwongInstitute for Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Research, Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-1953-2771
Thalia C EleySocial, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-6458-0700
Cathryn M LewisInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-8249-8476
Steven P HamiltonThe Permanente Medical Group, Psychiatry, San Francisco, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8106-6260
Nicholas G MartinGenetic Epidemiology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-4069-8020
Dorret I BoomsmaCenter for Neurogenomics and Cognitive research, Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-7099-7972
Kelli LehtoInstitute of Genomics, Estonian Genome Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.ORCID 0000-0003-2735-7643
Naomi R WrayDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7421-3357
Gerome BreenSocial, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2053-1792
Brenda W J H PenninxPsychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-7779-9672
Yuri MilaneschiPsychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-3697-6617
Sally MarshallInstitute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-6747-1403
Pippa A ThomsonInstitute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-4208-5271
Yi LuDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0001-9933-3654

Funding

A Trans-Nordic Study of Extreme Major DepressionR01MH123724 · NIMH · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI PATRICK F SULLIVAN, Lu Yi · 2020 to 2026
$4.7M
An Integrative Approach to the Etiology of Internalizing Disorders in the Lifelines CohortR01MH125902 · NIMH · VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY · PI KENNETH SEEDMAN KENDLER, Hanna van Loo · 2022 to 2026
$2.8M
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH123724NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH125902Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex psychiatric disorder, characterized by a range of mood, cognitive, and neurovegetative symptoms. Current diagnostic criteria treat opposite symptom directions as equivalent; weight gain or loss, and increased or decreased sleep, each count toward a single diagnosis. We defined three subgroups of individuals meeting criteria for MDD:

Identifiers

PMID42428126
PMCPMC13345402

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.