ArticlePalliative care and social practice2026
Prevalence and determinants of depression and anxiety among patients enrolled in palliative care: The Case of a palliative care program in Neno District, Malawi.
Article in Palliative care and social practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Mental health conditions, particularly depression and anxiety, are common among individuals with life-limiting illnesses and significantly affect their quality of life. However, little is known about their burden in palliative care in rural Malawi. Objective: This study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety among adult patients enrolled in the palliative care program in Neno District, Malawi. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted across nine health facilities from January to June 2024. Using simple random sampling, 152 adult participants were selected from the Neno district palliative care database. Quantitative data was collected using the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 as screening tools for depression and anxiety. The analysis used descriptive statistics and multivariable ordered logistic regression to identify factors associated with depression and anxiety, with results reported as adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results: Of 152 eligible patients, 151 completed the study (99% response rate). The mean age was 67 years (SD = 16.3); 78% (n = 117) were female, and 66% (n = 99) were unmarried. Depression was present in 72% (95% CI: 65.0%-79.4%, n = 109) and anxiety in 70% (95% CI: 62.1%-77.0%, n = 105). Suicidal ideation was reported by 3% (n = 4) of participants. Depression and anxiety were strongly associated (depression model: aOR = 1.490, p < 0.001; anxiety model: aOR = 1.506, p < 0.001). Older age was associated with higher anxiety severity (aOR = 1.027, p = 0.016). No other sociodemographic variables were significantly associated with either outcome. Conclusion: The study findings underscore the high burden of depression and anxiety among patients under a palliative care program in Neno District, age-trailed mental health in chronic ill patients, and integration of mental health services and palliative care programs. Future research should examine how depression and anxiety develop in older adults to tailor interventions for this population.
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