ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2026
Prognostic factors for cranial deformities in infancy: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the prognostic factors on the natural recovery time of positional cranial deformities in infants. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted including 1,219 infants diagnosed with positional cranial deformities who attended the Children's Health Development Center of our hospital on at least two occasions between January 2022 and April 2025. The cohort comprised 228 preterm infants and 991 full-term infants. Cranial parameters, including cranial vault asymmetry (CVA), cranial vault asymmetry index (CVAI), and cephalic ratio (CR), were measured using the STARscanner 2.0 system. Median recovery time was estimated using survival analysis. The effects of age, sex, gestational age at birth, maternal age, birth weight, cranial shape, and severity of deformity on recovery time were evaluated using multivariate proportional hazards Cox regression analyses. Results: Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age was an independent predictor of natural recovery (hazard ratio = 0.44, Conclusion: Younger age at diagnosis and milder deformity severity were associated with a higher likelihood and faster rate of natural recovery from positional cranial deformities in infants. Enhanced follow-up and targeted management are recommended for infants diagnosed at an older age at diagnosis and for those presenting with more severe deformities in clinical practice.
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