Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42427874›Full record

ArticleResearch square2026

GlyGen: a knowledgebase linking glycan data with protein and gene data to reveal novel biological connections.

Rene Ranzinger, Robel Kahsay, Urnisha Bhuiyan, Kate Warner, Jeet Vora, Sujeet Kulkarni, Nicole Mathias, Shovan Bhowmik, Vinicius de Souza, K Vijay-Shanker and 4 more

Abstract readPreprint
In one paragraph

Article in Research square, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Rene RanzingerComplex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Robel KahsayDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
Urnisha BhuiyanDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
Kate WarnerDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
Jeet VoraDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
Sujeet KulkarniComplex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Nicole MathiasDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
Shovan BhowmikDepartment of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
Vinicius de SouzaEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-3961-0247
K Vijay-ShankerDepartment of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
Maria MartinEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom.
Nathan EdwardsDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5168-3196
Michael TiemeyerComplex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8704-9143
Raja MazumderDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.

Funding

GlyGen growth and evolution into a central resource for glycans and glycoconjugatesR24GM146616 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA · PI Raja Mazumder, Rene Ranzinger · 2022 to 2026
$5.5M
Harmonization of GlyGen glycoconjugate and glycan array data for integration into CFDEOT2OD032092 · OD · GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI MAZUMDER, RAJA, RANZINGER, RENE · 2021 to 2025
$3.1M
NIGMS NIH HHS R24 GM146616NIH HHS OT2 OD032092
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glycans influence protein structure and function, modulate tissue development, regulate organ function, drive pathogen interactions, control inflammation and immunity, and impact most disease processes. However, glycan and glycosylation data are frequently difficult to access, existing across heterogeneous resources, with inconsistent representation and limited linkage to the genes, proteins, and protein sites that define their biological context. This fragmentation limits integration with genomics, proteomics, and other omics data, and constrains the discovery of glycan-mediated relationships. GlyGen is a knowledgebase designed to harmonize and integrate glycan, protein, and glycosylation data within a unified, glycosylation-centric data model. The model currently captures 58,841 glycans, 243,702 proteins, and 183,573 glycosylation sites, and extends to motifs, diseases, biomarkers, as well as germline and somatic sequence variations. Data are collected from public resources and literature, standardized using identifiers such as UniProt and GlyTouCan accessions, and integrated through ontology-driven workflows with evidence tracking and attribution. GlyGen supports free access via a web portal, APIs, downloads, and semantic web technologies. The current release (www.glygen.org) integrates diverse datasets across 16 organisms with extensive cross-references and provides an interoperable framework for advancing the integration of glycoscience into the broader biomedical data ecosystem.

Identifiers

PMID42427874
PMCPMC13345530

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.