ArticleAdvanced biomedical research2026
Analyzing the Effect of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy after Botulinum Toxin Injection on Calf Muscle Spasticity Improvement in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis - A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Article in Advanced biomedical research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Spasticity is a frequent and disabling manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS), characterized by increased muscle tone and stiffness that limit mobility and daily functioning. Effective management requires a multimodal therapeutic strategy. This randomized clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of adjunct extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) following botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection in reducing calf muscle spasticity in MS patients. Materials and Methods: Twenty participants were randomly assigned to receive either BTX-A alone (n = 10) or BTX-A combined with ESWT (n = 10). Clinical outcomes, including range of motion (ROM), Modified Ashworth Scale, and pain assessed by visual analog scale (VAS), were measured at 10 days, 1 month, and 2 months post-treatment. Results: Dorsiflexion ROM showed no significant between-group difference ( Conclusions: ESWT as an adjunct to BTX-A enhances pain relief and improves plantar-flexion ROM in MS-related calf spasticity compared with BTX-A alone, supporting its role as a valuable component of multimodal spasticity management.
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