Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42427170›Full record

Trial reportAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2026

Does lifestyle intervention lower clinically significant cognitive impairment risk?

Mark A Espeland, Rebecca H Neiberg, Stephen R Rapp, José A Luchsinger, Bonnie C Sachs, Michelle M Mielke, Owen Carmichael, Sevil Yasar, Haiying Chen, Adam P Spira and 7 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Does lifestyle intervention lower clinically significant cognitive impairment risk?Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Mark A EspelandDepartment of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Rebecca H NeibergDepartment of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Stephen R RappDepartment of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
José A LuchsingerDepartments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Bonnie C SachsDepartment of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Michelle M MielkeDepartment of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Owen CarmichaelPennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
Sevil YasarDepartment of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Haiying ChenDepartment of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Adam P SpiraDepartment of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Chinedu T MomohDepartment of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Laura D BakerDepartment of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Denise K HoustonDepartment of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Lynne M WagenknechtDivision of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Charles SemelkaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Tara BecknerDepartment of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Kathleen M HaydenDepartment of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.

Funding

NIA NIH HHS AG049638NIA NIH HHS AG058571NIA NIH HHS AG073697NIA NIH HHS AG074562NIDDK NIH HHS DK56990NIDDK NIH HHS DK56992NIDDK NIH HHS DK57002NIDDK NIH HHS DK57008NIDDK NIH HHS DK57078NIDDK NIH HHS DK57131NIDDK NIH HHS DK57135NIDDK NIH HHS DK57136NIDDK NIH HHS DK57149NIDDK NIH HHS DK57151NIDDK NIH HHS DK57154NIDDK NIH HHS DK57171NIDDK NIH HHS DK57177NIDDK NIH HHS DK57178NIDDK NIH HHS DK57182NIDDK NIH HHS DK57219
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionMultidomain lifestyle interventions have been demonstrated to benefit cognitive function but it is unknown whether they reduce risk for clinically significant cognitive impairment sCI (mild cognitive impairment or dementia).

methodsThe Action for Health in Diabetes administered repeated cognitive assessments in adults who had been enrolled in a 10-year clinical trial of a multidomain Intensive Lifestyle Intervention (ILI) versus Diabetes Support and Education (DSE).

resultsN = 3655 underwent at least one assessment of cognitive status during 12-14 years of post-trial follow-up. The relative impact of ILI on sCI incidence varied by baseline body mass index (BMI, interaction p = 0.004): hazard ratio (HR) = 0.64 [0.46,0.89] for BMI 25-29 kg/m DISCUSSION: A long-term multidomain lifestyle intervention may markedly reduce the risk of incident sCI among adults with type 2 diabetes and overweight but not obesity.

Indexed as

Cognitive DysfunctionDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Life StyleRisk Reduction BehaviorAgedBody Mass IndexFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedOverweightRisk Factorsbehavioral interventioncognitive healthprevention

Identifiers

PMID42427170
PMCPMC13351321

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.