Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42427151›Full record

ArticleSmall methods2026

Multilayer Soft PCBs via Laser Patterning and Solvent-Assisted Interface Engineering.

Denis Rocha, Pedro Lopes, Paulo Peixoto, Aníbal de Almeida, Mahmoud Tavakoli

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Small methods, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Denis RochaSoft and Printed Microelectronics Lab, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
Pedro LopesSoft and Printed Microelectronics Lab, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
Paulo PeixotoInstitute of Systems and Robotics of Coimbra, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
Aníbal de AlmeidaInstitute of Systems and Robotics of Coimbra, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
Mahmoud TavakoliSoft and Printed Microelectronics Lab, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2590-2196

Funding

Embalagem do futuro 02/C05-i01.01/2022.PC644931699-00000042Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia UI/BD/154471/2023HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council 101045072UI48 UID/00048/2025
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Soft-matter electronics offer compelling opportunities for digital health, soft robotics, and interactive systems; however, their translation beyond laboratory remains limited by the absence of fabrication approaches that achieve PCB-like circuit resolution, reliable microchip integration, and multilayer interconnects, while preserving mechanical compliance, stretchability, and ultralow thickness. We present a scalable fabrication platform for high-resolution, multilayer soft-PCBs that combines solvent-mediated interfacial engineering on reversible polymers, material-selective laser-assisted patterning with feature sizes down to ∼25 µm, laser-assisted VIA formation, and biphasic liquid-metal-based conductive composites. We introduce Vapor-Assisted MicrochiP Integration and layER fusion (VAMPIER), a unified process enabling both microchip attachment and multilayer lamination. VAMPIER exploits solvent-induced interfacial softening for layer bonding (SolBond) and microchip soldering (SolSolder). VAMPIRE induces a transient transform of physically cross-linked elastomers into a gel state, promoting conformal contact, interlayer fusion, and robust electrical coupling. This results in low-resistance microchip pad-to-interconnect junctions and reliable VIA connections without thermal soldering. A planarization strategy ensures layer flatness prior to fusion, improving yield and interconnect reliability. All fabrication steps are performed below 60°C, enabling compatibility with soft polymers and surface-mount devices. This platform enables multilayer, microchip-integrated soft-PCBs approaching rigid PCB standards in resolution and density, while offering superior mechanical resilience and sustainability.

Indexed as

laser patterningliquid metalmultilayer circuitssolvent‐assisted solderingstretchable electronics

Identifiers

PMID42427151
PMCPMC13450052

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.