ReviewHead & neck2026
Immunotherapeutic Approaches to Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Current Clinical Practice and Future Directions.
Review in Head & neck, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is frequently diagnosed at advanced stages and has historically been associated with poor outcomes. Immune checkpoint inhibition has transformed the therapeutic landscape, offering durable responses in recurrent, metastatic, and locally advanced disease.
methodsThis review summarizes pivotal clinical trials evaluating immunotherapeutic strategies in HNSCC, including PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, combination regimens, and emerging modalities across recurrent/metastatic and curative-intent settings, with attention to efficacy, safety, and biomarkers.
resultsPhase III trials have established pembrolizumab and nivolumab as standards of care in recurrent or metastatic HNSCC, demonstrating improved overall survival and favorable toxicity profiles. Recent studies support earlier integration of immunotherapy, including neoadjuvant and adjuvant approaches, with meaningful gains in event-free and disease-free survival.
conclusionsImmunotherapy is reshaping the management of HNSCC. Ongoing trials, biomarker refinement, and novel strategies are expected to further expand benefit and personalize treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.