ReviewHarm reduction journal2026
Scoping evidence review on the prevention and treatment of opioid overdose.
Review in Harm reduction journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimOpioid overdose is a public health crisis. Globally, ~ 600,000 deaths each year are attributable to drug use, and roughly three-quarters are linked to opioids. The rising prevalence of high-potency synthetic opioids like fentanyl necessitates comprehensive prevention and treatment strategies. This scoping review aims to map the published literature on the early detection and community management of opioid overdose and post-overdose care and identify research gaps. The aim was also to inform the potential research questions for updating the WHO and other international guidelines.
methodsWe systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, PROSPERO, and the Cochrane Database for systematic reviews for studies published between January 2014 and March 2024. Inclusion criteria encompassed systematic reviews and review protocols, randomized clinical trials, and their secondary analysis, and guidelines published in those databases, addressing opioid overdose early detection and treatment strategies.
resultsA total of 3,057 unique records were screened, resulting in 105 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Thirty studies examined the effects of the acute opioid overdose treatment. Among the preventive strategies, 46 studies focused on "Take Home Naloxone" strategies, reflecting a significant emphasis on naloxone distribution as a primary intervention. However, 11 studies examined post-overdose care, highlighting a notable gap in the literature. Additionally, research predominantly concentrated in the Americas (70 studies) and Europe (27 studies), with limited representation from Africa and Southeast Asia. There was a marked absence of studies on polysubstance use and ultrapotent opioids, with one systematic review addressing the treatment of fentanyl overdose.
conclusionFindings support future international guidelines, such as those of the WHO, to examine the effectiveness of take-home naloxone, peer training, and community-based distribution models, higher-dose naloxone protocols for ultrapotent opioids, and digital delivery models. This review identifies gaps in post-overdose care, fentanyl and polysubstance overdose management, and research from low-resource settings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.