ArticleBMC cancer2026
Hyaluronic acid- bovine serum albumin coated nanostructured lipid carriers for targeted combinational delivery of fisetin and flavokawain A in non-small cell lung cancer.
Article in BMC cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, accounting for approximately 2.2 million new cases and 1.8 million deaths annually. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes nearly 85% of all cases, underscoring its substantial global burden. This study reports the development of hyaluronic acid-bovine serum albumin (HA-BSA)-coated nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for targeted combinational delivery of fisetin and flavokawain A in NSCLC using a Quality-by-Design (QbD) approach. The optimized formulation demonstrated a particle size of ~ 115 nm with a low polydispersity index (< 0.3) and high zeta potential (~-40.8 mV), indicating excellent colloidal stability. Drug entrapment efficiency reached ~ 85.5-89.5%, while cumulative drug release exhibited a sustained profile (~ 90-93.8% over 9 h). Solid-state characterization confirmed reduced crystallinity and successful encapsulation. Stability studies showed negligible changes in particle size (162.5 to 165.1 nm) and drug content (> 98%) under refrigerated conditions over 6 months. In vitro cytotoxicity studies revealed significantly enhanced anticancer activity, with the formulation achieving up to ~ 70.32% inhibition of A549 cells compared to lower activity of free drug. Statistical optimization confirmed model significance (p = 0.0385) and good reproducibility (CV < 3%). Overall, the developed HA-BSA-coated NLCs offer a robust, stable, and efficient nanoplatform for improved flavonoid delivery in NSCLC therapy.
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