ArticleBMC infectious diseases2026
Risk factors of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis among tuberculosis patients in Bagmati Province, Nepal: a matched case-control study.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Retreatment TB is a risk factor for multidrug-resistant TB among people with HIV in rural eastern Uganda: A nested case-control study.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2025Article
- Association between cardiometabolic risk factors and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: A case-control study.PloS one · 2025Article
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8 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundDrug-resistant tuberculosis poses a significant threat to global TB control efforts, potentially reversing progress made in reducing TB-related morbidity and mortality. This study aims to identify risk factors for multidrug-resistant TB [MDR-TB] in Bagmati Province, Nepal. METHODOLOGY: This study employed a matched case-control design to identify risk factors for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Bagmati Province, Nepal. Conducted in Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, and Chitwan, cases were MDR-TB patients from authorized treatment centers, while controls were patients with non-MDR-TB from Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course (DOTS) centers. A total of 154 participants were included, with 77 cases and 77 controls matched by gender. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews by a trained professional, with stringent COVID-19 safety measures in place. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, involving descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression to identify significant predictors of MDR-TB. Ethical approval was obtained from BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, and informed consent was secured from all participants.
resultsA total of 154 patients (77 cases,77 controls) were interviewed, and the study found significant associations between pulmonary TB and the case group (89.6%) compared to controls (57.1%) (p < 0.001; OR: 6.5; 95% CI: 2.7-15.2), indicating it as a substantial risk factor. Controls showed higher rates of Extra Pulmonary TB (42.9%) compared to cases (10.4%). Previous TB history was more prevalent among cases (63.6%) than controls (10.4%) (p < 0.001; OR: 15.09; 95% CI: 6.34-35.91), highlighting it as a significant risk factor. Cases were more likely to report close contact with TB patients (64.9%) compared to controls (32.5%) (p < 0.001; OR: 3.85; 95% CI: 1.97-7.51). Cases also had a significant association with close contact with drug-resistant TB patients (p = 0.001; OR: 78; 95% CI: 10.31-589.62), suggesting exposure as a risk factor.
conclusionThe study findings revealed significant risk factors for MDR-TB, including Pulmonary Tuberculosis [PTB], previous TB treatment history, and close contact with DR-TB patients. The study highlights the importance of prevention measures to break transmission chains and infection control in health facilities.
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