Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42426621›Full record

ArticleBMC infectious diseases2026

Human exposure to Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus is associated with livestock management and handling practices in southcentral Tanzania, 2023-2024.

Cheryl Meehan, Grace Mwangoka, Mwokozi Mwanzalilla, Woutrina A Smith, Maxmillian Mpina, Macdonald Farnham, Robinson Mdegela, Robert Sumaye, Silas Temu, Ali Mohamed Ali and 15 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors.

Cheryl MeehanOne Health Institute, Weill School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
Grace MwangokaIfakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 78 373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Mwokozi MwanzalillaIfakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 78 373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Woutrina A SmithOne Health Institute, Weill School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
Maxmillian MpinaIfakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 78 373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Macdonald FarnhamOne Health Institute, Weill School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
Robinson MdegelaDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 30 007, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Robert SumayeIfakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 78 373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Silas TemuIfakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 78 373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Ali Mohamed AliIfakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 78 373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Hajirani MsuyaIfakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 78 373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Jumaa Athumani JumaaIfakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 78 373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Huruma SayaleIfakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 78 373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Jane OrottaIfakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 78 373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
George MakingiDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 30 007, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Sijali ZinkankubaDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 30 007, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Ahmed AmashaDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 30 007, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Amina Abdallah KinyogoriDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 30 007, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Yumba YekoniaDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 30 007, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Erin HowellOne Health Institute, Weill School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
Phoebe LawtonOne Health Institute, Weill School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
Tracy DrazenovichOne Health Institute, Weill School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
Alexandre Tremeau-BravardOne Health Institute, Weill School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
Sonja MontanusOne Health Institute, Weill School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
Brian H BirdOne Health Institute, Weill School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. bhbird@ucdavis.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCrimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne zoonotic pathogen widely distributed across Africa, Asia, and Europe. Human infection occurs through tick bites or contact with infected animal tissues. In Tanzania, evidence of human exposure exists, but data on population-level seroprevalence and associated behavioral risk factors remain limited. This study assessed human CCHFV seroprevalence and identified demographic, behavioral, and environmental factors associated with prior exposure in livestock-keeping communities in southcentral Tanzania.

methodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in four districts of southcentral Tanzania during 2023-2024. A total of 850 adults completed structured questionnaires on demographic and behavioral factors and provided blood samples. Serum samples were tested for CCHFV IgG antibodies using a commercial ELISA. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with seropositivity.

resultsOverall CCHFV seroprevalence was 3.41% (29/850). Seroprevalence increased with age and was highest among participants aged ≥ 51 years (6.28%, p = 0.044). In multivariable analysis, three factors were significantly associated with seropositivity: households with three or more children under five years of age (adjusted OR = 3.45, 95% CI 1.13-10.53, p = 0.030); butchering and consuming animals that died of illness (adjusted OR = 5.48, 95% CI 1.96-15.36, p = 0.001); and grazing animals on private land without other livestock, which was protective (adjusted OR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.12-0.90, p = 0.030).

conclusionsHuman CCHFV exposure in southcentral Tanzania is associated with household composition, animal-handling practices, and grazing behaviors. These findings highlight modifiable behavioral risk factors that may inform targeted public health interventions. As this study focuses on human serologic evidence of prior exposure, further integrated human-animal investigations are needed to better understand transmission dynamics.

Indexed as

Animal HusbandryHemorrhagic Fever, CrimeanHemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-CongoLivestockAdolescentAdultAgedAnimalsAntibodies, ViralCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansImmunoglobulin GMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsAntibodies, ViralImmunoglobulin GCrimean-Congo hemorrhagic feverTanzaniaTickborne diseaseZoonotic disease

Identifiers

PMID42426621
PMCPMC13640119

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.