Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42426170›Full record

ArticleJournal of human hypertension2026

Blood pressure variability in daily life: comparing individuals with cervical and upper-thoracic spinal cord injury to non-injured controls.

Shane J T Balthazaar, Matthias Walter, Catherine R Jutzeler, Andrea L Maharaj, Andrei V Krassioukov, Tom E Nightingale

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of human hypertension, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Shane J T BalthazaarSchool of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8860-2898
Matthias WalterInternational Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Catherine R JutzelerDepartment of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Andrea L MaharajInternational Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3514-7841
Andrei V KrassioukovInternational Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. krassioukov@icord.org.
Tom E NightingaleSchool of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK. T.E.Nightingale@bham.ac.uk.

Funding

Nested case-control study of JC virus infection and incident colorectal cancerR01CA118348 · NCI · H. LEE MOFFITT CANCER CTR & RES INST · PI ROLLISON, DANA ELISE · 2006 to 2008
$905k
Allergan (Allergan Inc.) PG-2020-10932Gouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Instituts de Recherche en Santé du Canada) TCA118348Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada (Heart and Stroke Foundation) G-16-00012571Heart Research UK RG2698/21/23International Foundation for Research in Paraplegia (Internationale Stiftung für Forschung in Paraplegie) P192Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research (MSFHR) 17110Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research (MSFHR) 17767Ministry of Technology, Innovation and Citizens' Services | British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund (BCKDF) 35869NCI NIH HHS R01 CA118348Pfizer (Pfizer Inc.) 205857Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Swiss National Science Foundation) PZ00P3_186101Wings for Life (Wings for Life Research Foundation) 2024_301
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSpinal cord injury (SCI) at or above the sixth thoracic spinal cord segment can disrupt autonomic cardiovascular control, leading to increased BP variability (BPV). This study compared BPV, nocturnal dipping patterns, and blood pressure (BP) fluctuations among individuals with cervical SCI (C-SCI), upper-thoracic SCI (UT-SCI), and non-injured controls (NI-C).

methodsUsing 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, we analyzed BPV (via standard deviation [SD], coefficient of variation [CoV], average real variability [ARV], and variability independent of the mean [VIM]), nocturnal dipping, and systolic/diastolic BP fluctuations. Nocturnal dipping percentages were calculated and patterns classified. Hypotensive (SBP < 100 mmHg, DBP < 70 mmHg) and hypertensive (SBP > 150 mmHg per clinical guideline thresholds) events were identified. BP distribution was analyzed using skewness and kurtosis.

resultsEighty participants (44 C-SCI, 19 UT-SCI, 17 NI-C) had 66 ± 18 measurements taken and are included in the analysis. Overall 24-h BP levels were lower in the SCI groups than in NI-C. The C-SCI group exhibited significantly higher systolic BPV metrics across SD, CoV, ARV, and VIM compared to the UT-SCI and NI-C groups (P < 0.01). C-SCI nocturnal BP dips were reduced, and reverse dipping patterns were more prevalent (P < 0.001). A nadir-based trough nocturnal dipping analysis suggested reduced nighttime BP decline in C-SCI (P < 0.001). Hypotensive events occurred more frequently in C-SCI and UT-SCI compared to NI-C (both P < 0.001).

conclusionIndividuals with C-SCI showed significantly increased BPV and impaired nocturnal dipping, while both C-SCI and UT-SCI demonstrated heightened susceptibility to hypotensive events. These findings highlight the need for targeted cardiovascular monitoring and interventions in individuals with C-SCI and UT-SCI to mitigate the known risks associated with BP dysregulation.

Indexed as

Blood PressureCircadian RhythmHypertensionSpinal Cord InjuriesAdultAgedBlood Pressure Monitoring, AmbulatoryCase-Control StudiesCervical VertebraeFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedThoracic Vertebrae

Identifiers

PMID42426170
PMCPMC13558047

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.