ArticleScientific reports2026
Structural behavior of reinforced concrete beams with longitudinal voids incorporating embedded steel tubes.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The integration of utility services in modern buildings often requires longitudinal openings within reinforced concrete (RC) beams. However, these voids, particularly in the compression zone, significantly reduce structural capacity and ductility by decreasing the effective concrete area and inducing stress concentrations. This study investigates the structural behavior of RC beams with longitudinal voids incorporating embedded steel tubes as internal composite reinforcement. An experimental program comprising eleven RC beams tested under four-point bending was conducted and validated using three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis. The study examined the effects of void geometry, tube shape, tube orientation, and reinforcement ratio. Results showed that introducing an unreinforced void reduced the ultimate load capacity by 27.5% and caused substantial losses in stiffness and energy absorption compared to the solid beam. In contrast, embedded steel tubes significantly enhanced structural performance through composite action. The best rectangular double-tube configuration increased the ultimate load capacity by 150% relative to the unreinforced void beam, while the circular double-tube system achieved an improvement of 180%. Circular tubes exhibited slightly superior performance due to more uniform stress distribution, whereas horizontally oriented rectangular tubes outperformed vertical ones because of their higher moment of inertia. The developed finite element model accurately predicted the experimental behavior and failure modes. The findings demonstrate that embedded steel tubes provide an efficient and practical solution for improving the performance of RC beams with service-integrated longitudinal voids.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.