SynthesisIndian pediatrics2026
Intrapleural Fibrinolytic Therapy as the Initial Modality, Compared to no Intrapleural Fibrinolytic Therapy, in Children With Empyema: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Indian pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextThere is a wide variation in the use of intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy (IPFT) in children with empyema. This necessitates an up-to-date evaluation of the evidence, to develop an evidence-based guideline recommendation.
objectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of IPFT versus no IPFT in children with empyema. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A systematic search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing IPFT versus no IPFT in children with empyema, was conducted in databases of published literature (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science), grey literature, and four clinical trial registries. Multiple a priori outcomes reflecting efficacy and safety were evaluated. The Cochrane Risk-of-Bias 2 tool was used for quality assessment, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach.
resultsThe literature search identified 3,113 citations, and their step-wise screening identified three relevant RCTs. The pooled odds ratio for the critical outcome 'failure of therapy' was 0.15 (95% CI 0.04 - 0.50, I
conclusionThe available evidence on IPFT as an initial modality for pediatric empyema is limited and of very low certainty. Although pooled estimates suggested a potential reduction in treatment failure with IPFT, the results were sensitive to the statistical model used.
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