ArticleEnvironmental science and pollution research international2026
Comparative study of the degradation of the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide using zinc oxide and zinc oxide/graphene oxide photocatalysts: efficiency, stability, toxicity, kinetics and mechanism insights.
Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This study investigated the degradation of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in aqueous solution through heterogeneous photocatalysis under simulated solar irradiation. For this purpose, zinc oxide (ZnO), graphene oxide (GO), and a ZnO/GO composite were synthesized and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and photoluminescence (PL) analyses. Compared with pure ZnO, the ZnO/GO composite exhibited enhanced structural, morphological, and optical properties owing to the incorporation of GO. These improvements included a reduction in particle size (from 15.565 to 9.528 µm), a more homogeneous dispersion of ZnO particles on the GO sheets, enhanced visible-light absorption, and more efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers. As a result, the composite demonstrated superior photocatalytic performance, achieving 96.6% degradation of a 2,4-D aqueous solution (10 mg L
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