Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42423781›Full record

ArticleSurgery today2026

Cystic duct management in subtotal cholecystectomy: is closure necessary?

Kenichi Ishibayashi, Kaichiro Kato, Satoshi Takada, Mitsuyoshi Okazaki, Yoshinao Ohbatake, Hirotaka Kitamura, Shinichi Nakanuma, Isamu Makino, Shinichi Kadoya, Shintaro Yagi

Abstract read
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Article in Surgery today, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Kenichi IshibayashiDepartment of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Kaichiro KatoDepartment of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Satoshi TakadaDepartment of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Mitsuyoshi OkazakiDepartment of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Yoshinao OhbatakeDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, 2-1 Kuratsukihigashi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Hirotaka KitamuraDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, 2-1 Kuratsukihigashi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Shinichi NakanumaDepartment of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Isamu MakinoDepartment of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Shinichi KadoyaDepartment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, 2-1 Kuratsukihigashi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Shintaro YagiDepartment of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan. yagi@med.kanazawa-u.ac.jp.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe Tokyo Guidelines 2018 recommend subtotal cholecystectomy (SC) as a bailout procedure for severe cholecystitis; however, closure of the cystic duct orifice (CDO) or remnant gallbladder is not always feasible. We compared the short-term outcomes of SC with and without such closures.

methodsA total of 47 patients who underwent SC at two institutions between 2012 and 2022 were included. The patients were classified into closure (CDO or remnant gallbladder closed; n = 35) and non-closure (neither closed; n = 12) groups. The primary outcome was Clavien-Dindo (CD) grade ≥ II complications. Secondary outcomes included intraoperative events, reinterventions, length of stay, and surgery-related mortality rates.

resultsThe baseline characteristics were similar. CD grade ≥ II and ≥ III complications occurred in 28.6% vs. 41.7% (p = 0.481) and 11.4% vs. 25.0% (p = 0.350) in the closure vs. non-closure groups, respectively. CD grade ≥ III bile leakage was higher in the non-closure group (5.7% vs. 25.0%, p = 0.097). No intraoperative bile duct injuries occurred. The length of stay was longer in the non-closure group (median [IQR], 27.5 [19.8-33] vs. 7 [5-14.5] days; p < 0.001), and mortality was rare.

conclusionSC without closure of the CDO or remnant gallbladder may be reserved for carefully selected patients when closure is infeasible or unsafe.

Indexed as

Bailout SurgeryBile Duct InjuryCholecystitisCystic Duct OrificeSubtotal Cholecystectomy

Identifiers

PMID42423781

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