ArticleArchives of microbiology2026
Genomic and phenotypic insights into the probiotic and antimicrobial potential of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BCSIR-AJ strain from garlic chutney.
Article in Archives of microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is a versatile, spore-forming probiotic bacterium with substantial applications in agriculture, industry, and medicine. This research was designed to characterize the probiotic potential of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BCSIR-AJ isolated from garlic chutney and to evaluate its probiotic and antimicrobial properties. The isolate was acidophilic (optimum pH of 5.0), thermotolerant (55 °C), and halotolerant (10%), and can degrade protein, carbohydrate, and gelatin. The crude extracts of the isolate showed antimicrobial activity against pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus (zone of inhibition (ZOI): 11.6 ± 0.28 mm) and Bacillus cereus (ZOI: 13 ± 0.5 mm), as well as multiple pathogenic fungi (ZOI range from 10.3 ± 0.28 mm - 12.1 ± 0.76 mm). Whole-genome sequence analysis revealed 16 biosynthetic gene cluster regions and genes associated with adhesion (dlt, srtA, tasA), quorum sensing (luxS), stress response (dnaK, clpP, grpE), acid and bile tolerance (atp, bshA), and metal resistance (arsB, czcD, copA, merR) were identified. The isolate showed promising probiotic characteristics, maintaining viability under acidic conditions (pH 2), bile salts (0.3%), and phenol (0.5%), with survival rates of 48.53 ± 1.30%, 96.56 ± 0.008% and 69.15 ± 1.17%, respectively. High survival was also exhibited through simulated stomach duodenum passage (SSDP; 93.29 ± 0.02%) and simulated small-intestine passage (SSIP; 82.25 ± 0.06%). The strain exhibited an antioxidant capacity of 79.15 ± 5.87% and a hydrophobicity of 86.76 ± 2.25%. Additionally, the isolate displayed effective autoaggregation (42.03 ± 0.09) and co-aggregation with B. cereus (51.12 ± 0.10%) and S. aureus (50.39 ± 0.02%). The absence of hemolytic activity and significant biofilm formation further supports its candidacy as a safe probiotic. Overall, B. amyloliquefaciens BCSIR-AJ exhibits a significant antimicrobial activity and promising probiotic potential.
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