Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42423486›Full record

ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026

Real-Time Ferroelectric Domain Wall Dynamics During Electric Poling and Depoling.

Ziqi Wang, Zhengze Xu, Anastasia Timofeeva, Hossam Elnaggar, Sipan Liu, Yusen Pei, Reece Henry, Brendan O'Connor, Eunkyoung Shim, Franky So and 3 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Ziqi WangDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
Zhengze XuDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
Anastasia TimofeevaDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
Hossam ElnaggarDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
Sipan LiuDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
Yusen PeiDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
Reece HenryDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
Brendan O'ConnorDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
Eunkyoung ShimDepartment of Textile Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
Franky SoDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8310-677X
Kara PetersDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
Xiaoning JiangDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
Jun LiuDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7335-5860

Funding

Air Force Office of Scientific Research FA95502310311National Science Foundation DMR2011978National Science Foundation DMR2309184Nonwovens Institute of the North Carolina State University 21255SBOffice of Naval Research N000142112058Office of Naval Research N000142412101
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Electrical poling protocols, including alternating current poling (ACP), direct current poling (DCP), and electrical depoling (EDP), are widely used to optimize the electromechanical properties of relaxor-lead titanate (PT) ferroelectric single crystals. However, the microscopic mechanisms governing their distinct outcomes remain unresolved, largely due to the lack of direct, real-time, and in-situ experimental access to domain wall dynamics during poling. As a result, competing interpretations based on domain refinement, domain coarsening, or polarization switching have emerged from ex-situ imaging and bulk-averaged electromechanical measurements. Here, we track domain wall-related birefringence dynamics in [110]-oriented lead indium niobate-lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate single crystals during ACP, DCP, and EDP using instant polarized light microscopy π (IPOLπ). This single-shot, non-destructive technique enables continuous, real-time tracking of domain wall nucleation, motion, and reconfiguration throughout the poling/depoling process. We reveal distinct, field-dependent dynamic pathways for different electrical protocols, demonstrating pronounced path dependence and reversibility that are not evident from static domain configurations alone. These results identify domain wall dynamics as the dominant mechanism governing electrical poling and depoling in relaxor-PT ferroelectrics and provide a dynamic framework for rational domain wall engineering in high-performance electromechanical materials.

Indexed as

domain wall dynamicselectrical depolingelectrical polingferroelectricsrelaxor‐PT crystals

Identifiers

PMID42423486
PMCPMC13348344

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.