Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42423335›Full record

ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2026

T cell-associated immunity induced by heterologous recombinant BCG and purified protein vaccination confers cross-variant protection against SARS-CoV-2.

Fábio Mambelli, Alba M Gimenez, Ana Carolina V S C de Araujo, Karla K S Ramos, Jéssica P Farias, Carla L de Freitas, Gabriela P Paludo, Nelson Cortes, Rúbens P Dos S Alves, Paola Minoprio and 3 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Fábio MambelliDepartamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-8956-7219
Alba M GimenezDepartamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Ana Carolina V S C de AraujoDepartamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0003-1045-2249
Karla K S RamosDepartamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Jéssica P FariasDepartamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Carla L de FreitasInstitut Pasteur de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Gabriela P PaludoInstitut Pasteur de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Nelson CortesDepartamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Rúbens P Dos S AlvesInstitut Pasteur de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Paola MinoprioInstitut Pasteur de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Luciana C C LeiteInstituto Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil.
Luis Carlos S FerreiraInstitut Pasteur de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Sergio C OliveiraDepartamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0003-4062-5577

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Previously, we have developed a recombinant BCG-based vaccine (rBCG) expressing a chimeric protein with spike and nucleocapsid epitopes (rChimera) to combine BCG's innate immune training capacity with SARS-CoV-2-specific adaptive immune responses. The heterologous prime-boost rBCG/rChimera+Alum regimen induced strong humoral and cellular immunity, conferring protection against the ancestral Wuhan strain in K18-hACE2 mice. Here, we used

Indexed as

BCG VaccineCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesCross ProtectionSARS-CoV-2T-LymphocytesAnimalsAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesFemaleImmunity, CellularMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralBCG VaccineCOVID-19 VaccinesProtein Subunit VaccinesVaccines, SyntheticBCGCOVID-19JN.1SARS-CoV-2vaccinevariants

Identifiers

PMID42423335
PMCPMC13353785

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.